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<section id="module-pygame.camera">
<span id="pygame-camera"></span><dl class="definition">
<dt class="title module sig sig-object">
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pygame.camera</span></code></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">pygame module for camera use</span></div>
</div>
<table class="toc docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 35%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 64%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.init">pygame.camera.init</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Module init</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.get_backends">pygame.camera.get_backends</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Get the backends supported on this system</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.colorspace">pygame.camera.colorspace</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Surface colorspace conversion</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.list_cameras">pygame.camera.list_cameras</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>returns a list of available cameras</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera">pygame.camera.Camera</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>load a camera</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Use import pygame.camera before using this module.</p>
</div>
<p>Pygame currently supports Linux (V4L2) and Windows (MSMF) cameras natively,
with wider platform support available via an integrated OpenCV backend.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 2.0.2: </span>Windows native camera support</p>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 2.0.3: </span>New OpenCV backends</p>
</div>
<p>EXPERIMENTAL!: This API may change or disappear in later pygame releases. If
you use this, your code will very likely break with the next pygame release.</p>
<p>The Bayer to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RGB</span></code> function is based on:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Sonix SN9C101 based webcam basic I/F routines
Copyright (C) 2004 Takafumi Mizuno &lt;taka-qce@ls-a.jp&gt;
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS&#39;&#39; AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>New in pygame 1.9.0.</p>
<dl class="py function definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.init">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">init</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.init" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Module init</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">init(backend = None) -&gt; None</span></div>
</div>
<p>This function starts up the camera module, choosing the best webcam backend
it can find for your system. This is not guaranteed to succeed, and may even
attempt to import third party modules, like <cite>OpenCV</cite>. If you want to
override its backend choice, you can call pass the name of the backend you
want into this function. More about backends in
<a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.get_backends" title="pygame.camera.get_backends"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_backends()</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in pygame 2.0.3: </span>Option to explicitly select backend</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.get_backends">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_backends</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.get_backends" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Get the backends supported on this system</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">get_backends() -&gt; [str]</span></div>
</div>
<p>This function returns every backend it thinks has a possibility of working
on your system, in order of priority.</p>
<p>pygame.camera Backends:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Backend OS Description
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_camera (MSMF) Windows Builtin, works on Windows 8+ Python3
_camera (V4L2) Linux Builtin
OpenCV Any Uses `opencv-python` module, can&#39;t enumerate cameras
OpenCV-Mac Mac Same as OpenCV, but has camera enumeration
VideoCapture Windows Uses abandoned `VideoCapture` module, can&#39;t enumerate
cameras, may be removed in the future
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>There are two main differences among backends.</p>
<p>The _camera backends are built in to pygame itself, and require no third
party imports. All the other backends do. For the OpenCV and VideoCapture
backends, those modules need to be installed on your system.</p>
<p>The other big difference is &quot;camera enumeration.&quot; Some backends don't have
a way to list out camera names, or even the number of cameras on the
system. In these cases, <a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.list_cameras" title="pygame.camera.list_cameras"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list_cameras()</span></code></a> will return
something like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[0]</span></code>. If you know you have multiple cameras on the
system, these backend ports will pass through a &quot;camera index number&quot;
through if you use that as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">device</span></code> parameter.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 2.0.3.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.colorspace">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">colorspace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.colorspace" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Surface colorspace conversion</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">colorspace(Surface, format, DestSurface = None) -&gt; Surface</span></div>
</div>
<p>Allows for conversion from &quot;RGB&quot; to a destination colorspace of &quot;HSV&quot; or
&quot;YUV&quot;. The source and destination surfaces must be the same size and pixel
depth. This is useful for computer vision on devices with limited processing
power. Capture as small of an image as possible, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transform.scale()</span></code> it
even smaller, and then convert the colorspace to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YUV</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HSV</span></code> before
doing any processing on it.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.list_cameras">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">list_cameras</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.list_cameras" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">returns a list of available cameras</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">list_cameras() -&gt; [cameras]</span></div>
</div>
<p>Checks the computer for available cameras and returns a list of strings of
camera names, ready to be fed into <a class="tooltip reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.Camera" title=""><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.Camera</span></code><span class="tooltip-content">load a camera</span></a>.</p>
<p>If the camera backend doesn't support webcam enumeration, this will return
something like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[0]</span></code>. See <a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.get_backends" title="pygame.camera.get_backends"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_backends()</span></code></a> for much more
information.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py class definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.camera.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Camera</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">load a camera</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">Camera(device, (width, height), format) -&gt; Camera</span></div>
</div>
<table class="toc docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 36%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 63%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.start">pygame.camera.Camera.start</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>opens, initializes, and starts capturing</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.stop">pygame.camera.Camera.stop</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>stops, uninitializes, and closes the camera</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.get_controls">pygame.camera.Camera.get_controls</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>gets current values of user controls</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.set_controls">pygame.camera.Camera.set_controls</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>changes camera settings if supported by the camera</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.get_size">pygame.camera.Camera.get_size</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>returns the dimensions of the images being recorded</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.query_image">pygame.camera.Camera.query_image</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>checks if a frame is ready</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.get_image">pygame.camera.Camera.get_image</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>captures an image as a Surface</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="camera.html#pygame.camera.Camera.get_raw">pygame.camera.Camera.get_raw</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>returns an unmodified image as bytes</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Loads a camera. On Linux, the device is typically something like
&quot;/dev/video0&quot;. Default width and height are 640 by 480.
Format is the desired colorspace of the output.
This is useful for computer vision purposes. The default is
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RGB</span></code>. The following are supported:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RGB</span></code> - Red, Green, Blue</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">YUV</span></code> - Luma, Blue Chrominance, Red Chrominance</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HSV</span></code> - Hue, Saturation, Value</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.start">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">start</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.start" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">opens, initializes, and starts capturing</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">start() -&gt; None</span></div>
</div>
<p>Opens the camera device, attempts to initialize it, and begins recording
images to a buffer. The camera must be started before any of the below
functions can be used.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.stop">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">stop</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.stop" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">stops, uninitializes, and closes the camera</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">stop() -&gt; None</span></div>
</div>
<p>Stops recording, uninitializes the camera, and closes it. Once a camera
is stopped, the below functions cannot be used until it is started again.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.get_controls">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_controls</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.get_controls" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">gets current values of user controls</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">get_controls() -&gt; (hflip = bool, vflip = bool, brightness)</span></div>
</div>
<p>If the camera supports it, get_controls will return the current settings
for horizontal and vertical image flip as bools and brightness as an int.
If unsupported, it will return the default values of (0, 0, 0). Note that
the return values here may be different than those returned by
set_controls, though these are more likely to be correct.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.set_controls">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_controls</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.set_controls" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">changes camera settings if supported by the camera</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">set_controls(hflip = bool, vflip = bool, brightness) -&gt; (hflip = bool, vflip = bool, brightness)</span></div>
</div>
<p>Allows you to change camera settings if the camera supports it. The
return values will be the input values if the camera claims it succeeded
or the values previously in use if not. Each argument is optional, and
the desired one can be chosen by supplying the keyword, like hflip. Note
that the actual settings being used by the camera may not be the same as
those returned by set_controls. On Windows, <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hflip</span></code> and <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vflip</span></code> are
implemented by pygame, not by the Camera, so they should always work, but
<code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">brightness</span></code> is unsupported.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.get_size">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_size</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.get_size" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">returns the dimensions of the images being recorded</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">get_size() -&gt; (width, height)</span></div>
</div>
<p>Returns the current dimensions of the images being captured by the
camera. This will return the actual size, which may be different than the
one specified during initialization if the camera did not support that
size.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.query_image">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">query_image</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.query_image" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">checks if a frame is ready</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">query_image() -&gt; bool</span></div>
</div>
<p>If an image is ready to get, it returns true. Otherwise it returns false.
Note that some webcams will always return False and will only queue a
frame when called with a blocking function like <a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.get_image" title="pygame.camera.Camera.get_image"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_image()</span></code></a>.
On Windows (MSMF), and the OpenCV backends, <a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.query_image" title="pygame.camera.Camera.query_image"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query_image()</span></code></a>
should be reliable, though. This is useful to separate the framerate of
the game from that of the camera without having to use threading.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.get_image">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_image</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.get_image" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">captures an image as a Surface</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">get_image(Surface = None) -&gt; Surface</span></div>
</div>
<p>Pulls an image off of the buffer as an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RGB</span></code> Surface. It can optionally
reuse an existing Surface to save time. The bit-depth of the surface is
24 bits on Linux, 32 bits on Windows, or the same as the optionally
supplied Surface.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.camera.Camera.get_raw">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_raw</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.camera.Camera.get_raw" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">returns an unmodified image as bytes</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">get_raw() -&gt; bytes</span></div>
</div>
<p>Gets an image from a camera as a string in the native pixelformat of the
camera. Useful for integration with other libraries. This returns a
bytes object</p>
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