# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2024 Databricks Mosaic Research and The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" PyTorch DBRX model. """

import math
from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.utils.checkpoint
from torch import nn

from ...activations import ACT2FN
from ...cache_utils import Cache, DynamicCache, StaticCache
from ...modeling_attn_mask_utils import AttentionMaskConverter
from ...modeling_outputs import MoeCausalLMOutputWithPast, MoeModelOutputWithPast
from ...modeling_utils import PreTrainedModel
from ...utils import (
    add_start_docstrings,
    add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
    is_flash_attn_2_available,
    is_flash_attn_greater_or_equal_2_10,
    logging,
    replace_return_docstrings,
)
from .configuration_dbrx import DbrxConfig


if is_flash_attn_2_available():
    from flash_attn import flash_attn_func, flash_attn_varlen_func
    from flash_attn.bert_padding import index_first_axis, pad_input, unpad_input  # noqa

logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)

_CONFIG_FOR_DOC = "DbrxConfig"


# Copied from transformers.models.gemma.modeling_gemma.GemmaRotaryEmbedding with Gemma->Dbrx
class DbrxRotaryEmbedding(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim, max_position_embeddings=2048, base=10000, device=None):
        super().__init__()

        self.dim = dim
        self.max_position_embeddings = max_position_embeddings
        self.base = base
        self.register_buffer("inv_freq", None, persistent=False)

    @torch.no_grad()
    def forward(self, x, position_ids, seq_len=None):
        # x: [bs, num_attention_heads, seq_len, head_size]
        if self.inv_freq is None:
            self.inv_freq = 1.0 / (
                self.base ** (torch.arange(0, self.dim, 2, dtype=torch.int64, device=x.device).float() / self.dim)
            )
        inv_freq_expanded = self.inv_freq[None, :, None].float().expand(position_ids.shape[0], -1, 1)
        position_ids_expanded = position_ids[:, None, :].float()
        # Force float32 since bfloat16 loses precision on long contexts
        # See https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/29285
        device_type = x.device.type
        device_type = device_type if isinstance(device_type, str) and device_type != "mps" else "cpu"
        with torch.autocast(device_type=device_type, enabled=False):
            freqs = (inv_freq_expanded.float() @ position_ids_expanded.float()).transpose(1, 2)
            emb = torch.cat((freqs, freqs), dim=-1)
            cos = emb.cos()
            sin = emb.sin()
        return cos.to(dtype=x.dtype), sin.to(dtype=x.dtype)


# Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.rotate_half
def rotate_half(x):
    """Rotates half the hidden dims of the input."""
    x1 = x[..., : x.shape[-1] // 2]
    x2 = x[..., x.shape[-1] // 2 :]
    return torch.cat((-x2, x1), dim=-1)


# Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.apply_rotary_pos_emb
def apply_rotary_pos_emb(q, k, cos, sin, position_ids=None, unsqueeze_dim=1):
    """Applies Rotary Position Embedding to the query and key tensors.

    Args:
        q (`torch.Tensor`): The query tensor.
        k (`torch.Tensor`): The key tensor.
        cos (`torch.Tensor`): The cosine part of the rotary embedding.
        sin (`torch.Tensor`): The sine part of the rotary embedding.
        position_ids (`torch.Tensor`, *optional*):
            Deprecated and unused.
        unsqueeze_dim (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 1):
            The 'unsqueeze_dim' argument specifies the dimension along which to unsqueeze cos[position_ids] and
            sin[position_ids] so that they can be properly broadcasted to the dimensions of q and k. For example, note
            that cos[position_ids] and sin[position_ids] have the shape [batch_size, seq_len, head_dim]. Then, if q and
            k have the shape [batch_size, heads, seq_len, head_dim], then setting unsqueeze_dim=1 makes
            cos[position_ids] and sin[position_ids] broadcastable to the shapes of q and k. Similarly, if q and k have
            the shape [batch_size, seq_len, heads, head_dim], then set unsqueeze_dim=2.
    Returns:
        `tuple(torch.Tensor)` comprising of the query and key tensors rotated using the Rotary Position Embedding.
    """
    cos = cos.unsqueeze(unsqueeze_dim)
    sin = sin.unsqueeze(unsqueeze_dim)
    q_embed = (q * cos) + (rotate_half(q) * sin)
    k_embed = (k * cos) + (rotate_half(k) * sin)
    return q_embed, k_embed


# Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.repeat_kv
def repeat_kv(hidden_states: torch.Tensor, n_rep: int) -> torch.Tensor:
    """
    This is the equivalent of torch.repeat_interleave(x, dim=1, repeats=n_rep). The hidden states go from (batch,
    num_key_value_heads, seqlen, head_dim) to (batch, num_attention_heads, seqlen, head_dim)
    """
    batch, num_key_value_heads, slen, head_dim = hidden_states.shape
    if n_rep == 1:
        return hidden_states
    hidden_states = hidden_states[:, :, None, :, :].expand(batch, num_key_value_heads, n_rep, slen, head_dim)
    return hidden_states.reshape(batch, num_key_value_heads * n_rep, slen, head_dim)


def load_balancing_loss_func(
    gate_logits: torch.Tensor,
    num_experts: int,
    top_k: int,
    attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor],
) -> torch.Tensor:
    r"""Computes auxiliary load balancing loss as in Switch Transformer - implemented in Pytorch.

    See Switch Transformer (https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03961) for more details. This function implements the loss
    function presented in equations (4) - (6) of the paper. It aims at penalizing cases where the routing between
    experts is too unbalanced.

    Args:
        gate_logits (Union[`torch.Tensor`, Tuple[torch.Tensor]):
            Logits from the `gate`, should be a tuple of model.config.num_hidden_layers tensors of
            shape [batch_size X sequence_length, num_experts].
        num_experts (`int`):
            Number of experts.
        top_k (`int`):
            The number of experts each token is routed to.
        attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`, None):
            The attention_mask used in forward function
            shape [batch_size X sequence_length] if not None.

    Returns:
        The auxiliary loss.
    """
    if gate_logits is None or not isinstance(gate_logits, tuple):
        return torch.tensor(0.0)

    if isinstance(gate_logits, tuple):
        compute_device = gate_logits[0].device
        concatenated_gate_logits = torch.cat([layer_gate.to(compute_device) for layer_gate in gate_logits], dim=0)

    routing_weights = torch.nn.functional.softmax(concatenated_gate_logits, dim=-1)

    _, selected_experts = torch.topk(routing_weights, top_k, dim=-1)

    expert_mask = torch.nn.functional.one_hot(selected_experts, num_experts)

    if attention_mask is None:
        # Compute the percentage of tokens routed to each experts
        tokens_per_expert = torch.mean(expert_mask.float(), dim=0)

        # Compute the average probability of routing to these experts
        router_prob_per_expert = torch.mean(routing_weights, dim=0)
    else:
        batch_size, sequence_length = attention_mask.shape
        num_hidden_layers = concatenated_gate_logits.shape[0] // (batch_size * sequence_length)

        # Compute the mask that masks all padding tokens as 0 with the same shape of expert_mask
        expert_attention_mask = (
            attention_mask[None, :, :, None, None]
            .expand((num_hidden_layers, batch_size, sequence_length, top_k, num_experts))
            .reshape(-1, top_k, num_experts)
            .to(compute_device)
        )

        # Compute the percentage of tokens routed to each experts
        tokens_per_expert = torch.sum(expert_mask.float() * expert_attention_mask, dim=0) / torch.sum(
            expert_attention_mask, dim=0
        )

        # Compute the mask that masks all padding tokens as 0 with the same shape of tokens_per_expert
        router_per_expert_attention_mask = (
            attention_mask[None, :, :, None]
            .expand((num_hidden_layers, batch_size, sequence_length, num_experts))
            .reshape(-1, num_experts)
            .to(compute_device)
        )

        # Compute the average probability of routing to these experts
        router_prob_per_expert = torch.sum(routing_weights * router_per_expert_attention_mask, dim=0) / torch.sum(
            router_per_expert_attention_mask, dim=0
        )

    overall_loss = torch.sum(tokens_per_expert * router_prob_per_expert.unsqueeze(0))
    return overall_loss * num_experts


# Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama._get_unpad_data
def _get_unpad_data(attention_mask):
    seqlens_in_batch = attention_mask.sum(dim=-1, dtype=torch.int32)
    indices = torch.nonzero(attention_mask.flatten(), as_tuple=False).flatten()
    max_seqlen_in_batch = seqlens_in_batch.max().item()
    cu_seqlens = F.pad(torch.cumsum(seqlens_in_batch, dim=0, dtype=torch.int32), (1, 0))
    return (
        indices,
        cu_seqlens,
        max_seqlen_in_batch,
    )


class DbrxAttention(nn.Module):
    """Multi-head self attention."""

    def __init__(self, config: DbrxConfig, block_idx: Optional[int] = None):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.hidden_size = config.d_model
        self.num_heads = config.n_heads
        self.head_dim = self.hidden_size // self.num_heads
        self.max_position_embeddings = config.max_seq_len
        self.block_idx = block_idx
        if block_idx is None:
            logger.warning_once(
                f"Instantiating {self.__class__.__name__} without passing a `block_idx` is not recommended and will "
                + "lead to errors during the forward call if caching is used. Please make sure to provide a `block_idx` "
                + "when creating this class."
            )

        attn_config = config.attn_config
        self.attn_pdrop = attn_config.attn_pdrop
        self.clip_qkv = attn_config.clip_qkv
        self.num_key_value_heads = attn_config.kv_n_heads
        self.num_key_value_groups = self.num_heads // self.num_key_value_heads
        self.rope_theta = attn_config.rope_theta
        self.is_causal = True

        self.Wqkv = nn.Linear(
            self.hidden_size, self.hidden_size + 2 * self.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim, bias=False
        )
        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.hidden_size, bias=False)
        self.rotary_emb = DbrxRotaryEmbedding(
            self.head_dim,
            max_position_embeddings=self.max_position_embeddings,
            base=self.rope_theta,
        )

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        position_ids: torch.LongTensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        past_key_value: Optional[Cache] = None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
        use_cache: bool = False,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Cache]]:
        bsz, q_len, _ = hidden_states.size()

        qkv_states = self.Wqkv(hidden_states)
        min_val = -self.clip_qkv if self.clip_qkv is not None else None
        max_val = self.clip_qkv
        qkv_states = qkv_states.clamp(min=min_val, max=max_val)

        query_states, key_states, value_states = qkv_states.split(
            [
                self.hidden_size,
                self.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim,
                self.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim,
            ],
            dim=2,
        )

        query_states = query_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        key_states = key_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        value_states = value_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)

        past_key_value = getattr(self, "past_key_value", past_key_value)
        cos, sin = self.rotary_emb(value_states, position_ids)
        query_states, key_states = apply_rotary_pos_emb(query_states, key_states, cos, sin)

        if past_key_value is not None:
            # sin and cos are specific to RoPE models; position_ids needed for the static cache
            cache_kwargs = {"sin": sin, "cos": cos, "cache_position": cache_position}
            key_states, value_states = past_key_value.update(key_states, value_states, self.block_idx, cache_kwargs)

        key_states = repeat_kv(key_states, self.num_key_value_groups)
        value_states = repeat_kv(value_states, self.num_key_value_groups)

        attn_weights = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(2, 3)) / math.sqrt(self.head_dim)

        if attention_mask is not None:  # no matter the length, we just slice it
            causal_mask = attention_mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]
            attn_weights = attn_weights + causal_mask

        # upcast attention to fp32
        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1, dtype=torch.float32).to(query_states.dtype)
        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.attn_pdrop, training=self.training)
        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)

        if attn_output.size() != (bsz, self.num_heads, q_len, self.head_dim):
            raise ValueError(
                f"`attn_output` should be of size {(bsz, self.num_heads, q_len, self.head_dim)}, but is"
                + f" {attn_output.size()}"
            )

        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, q_len, self.hidden_size)
        attn_output = self.out_proj(attn_output)

        if not output_attentions:
            attn_weights = None

        return attn_output, attn_weights, past_key_value


class DbrxFlashAttention2(DbrxAttention):
    """Dbrx flash attention module.

    This module inherits from `DbrxAttention` as the weights of the module stays
    untouched. The only required change would be on the forward pass where it
    calls the public API of flash attention.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # TODO: Should be removed once Flash Attention for RoCm is bumped to 2.1.
        # flash_attn<2.1 generates top-left aligned causal mask, while what is needed here is bottom-right alignement, that was made default for flash_attn>=2.1. This attribute is used to handle this difference. Reference: https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention/releases/tag/v2.1.0.
        # Beware that with flash_attn<2.1, using q_seqlen != k_seqlen (except for the case q_seqlen == 1) produces a wrong mask (top-left).
        # From: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/3b8e2932ce743008f63585aae1e1b8b30dc8b3ac/src/transformers/models/gemma/modeling_gemma.py#L318
        self._flash_attn_uses_top_left_mask = not is_flash_attn_greater_or_equal_2_10()

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        past_key_value: Optional[Cache] = None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
        use_cache: bool = False,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]:
        logger.info("Implicitly setting `output_attentions` to False as it is not supported in Flash Attention.")
        output_attentions = False

        bsz, q_len, _ = hidden_states.size()

        qkv_states = self.Wqkv(hidden_states)
        if self.clip_qkv is not None:
            qkv_states = qkv_states.clamp(min=-self.clip_qkv, max=self.clip_qkv)

        query_states, key_states, value_states = qkv_states.split(
            [
                self.hidden_size,
                self.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim,
                self.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim,
            ],
            dim=2,
        )

        # Flash attention requires the input to have the shape
        # batch_size x seq_length x head_dim x hidden_dim
        # therefore we just need to keep the original shape
        query_states = query_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        key_states = key_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        value_states = value_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)

        cos, sin = self.rotary_emb(value_states, position_ids)
        query_states, key_states = apply_rotary_pos_emb(query_states, key_states, cos, sin)

        past_key_value = getattr(self, "past_key_value", past_key_value)

        if past_key_value is not None:
            # sin and cos are specific to RoPE models; cache_position needed for the static cache
            cache_kwargs = {"sin": sin, "cos": cos, "cache_position": cache_position}
            key_states, value_states = past_key_value.update(key_states, value_states, self.block_idx, cache_kwargs)

        # TODO: These transpose are quite inefficient but Flash Attention requires the layout
        # [batch_size, sequence_length, num_heads, head_dim]. We would need to refactor the KV cache
        # to be able to avoid many of these transpose/reshape/view.
        query_states = query_states.transpose(1, 2)
        key_states = key_states.transpose(1, 2)
        value_states = value_states.transpose(1, 2)

        dropout_rate = self.attn_pdrop if self.training else 0.0

        # In PEFT, usually we cast the layer norms in float32 for training stability reasons
        # therefore the input hidden states gets silently casted in float32. Hence, we need
        # cast them back in the correct dtype just to be sure everything works as expected.
        # This might slowdown training & inference so it is recommended to not cast the LayerNorms
        # in fp32. (LlamaRMSNorm handles it correctly)
        input_dtype = query_states.dtype
        if input_dtype == torch.float32:
            if torch.is_autocast_enabled():
                target_dtype = torch.get_autocast_gpu_dtype()
            # Handle the case where the model is quantized
            elif hasattr(self.config, "_pre_quantization_dtype"):
                target_dtype = self.config._pre_quantization_dtype
            else:
                target_dtype = query_states.dtype

            logger.warning_once(
                "The input hidden states seems to be silently casted in float32, this might be "
                + "related to the fact you have upcasted embedding or layer norm layers in "
                + f"float32. We will cast back the input in {target_dtype}."
            )

            query_states = query_states.to(target_dtype)
            key_states = key_states.to(target_dtype)
            value_states = value_states.to(target_dtype)

        attn_output = self._flash_attention_forward(
            query_states,
            key_states,
            value_states,
            attention_mask,
            q_len,
            dropout=dropout_rate,
        )

        attn_output = attn_output.reshape(bsz, q_len, self.hidden_size).contiguous()
        attn_output = self.out_proj(attn_output)

        if not output_attentions:
            attn_weights = None

        return attn_output, attn_weights, past_key_value

    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaFlashAttention2._flash_attention_forward
    def _flash_attention_forward(
        self, query_states, key_states, value_states, attention_mask, query_length, dropout=0.0, softmax_scale=None
    ):
        """
        Calls the forward method of Flash Attention - if the input hidden states contain at least one padding token
        first unpad the input, then computes the attention scores and pad the final attention scores.

        Args:
            query_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                Input query states to be passed to Flash Attention API
            key_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                Input key states to be passed to Flash Attention API
            value_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                Input value states to be passed to Flash Attention API
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`):
                The padding mask - corresponds to a tensor of size `(batch_size, seq_len)` where 0 stands for the
                position of padding tokens and 1 for the position of non-padding tokens.
            dropout (`float`):
                Attention dropout
            softmax_scale (`float`, *optional*):
                The scaling of QK^T before applying softmax. Default to 1 / sqrt(head_dim)
        """
        if not self._flash_attn_uses_top_left_mask:
            causal = self.is_causal
        else:
            # TODO: Remove the `query_length != 1` check once Flash Attention for RoCm is bumped to 2.1. For details, please see the comment in LlamaFlashAttention2 __init__.
            causal = self.is_causal and query_length != 1

        # Contains at least one padding token in the sequence
        if attention_mask is not None:
            batch_size = query_states.shape[0]
            query_states, key_states, value_states, indices_q, cu_seq_lens, max_seq_lens = self._upad_input(
                query_states, key_states, value_states, attention_mask, query_length
            )

            cu_seqlens_q, cu_seqlens_k = cu_seq_lens
            max_seqlen_in_batch_q, max_seqlen_in_batch_k = max_seq_lens

            attn_output_unpad = flash_attn_varlen_func(
                query_states,
                key_states,
                value_states,
                cu_seqlens_q=cu_seqlens_q,
                cu_seqlens_k=cu_seqlens_k,
                max_seqlen_q=max_seqlen_in_batch_q,
                max_seqlen_k=max_seqlen_in_batch_k,
                dropout_p=dropout,
                softmax_scale=softmax_scale,
                causal=causal,
            )

            attn_output = pad_input(attn_output_unpad, indices_q, batch_size, query_length)
        else:
            attn_output = flash_attn_func(
                query_states, key_states, value_states, dropout, softmax_scale=softmax_scale, causal=causal
            )

        return attn_output

    # Copied from transformers.models.llama.modeling_llama.LlamaFlashAttention2._upad_input
    def _upad_input(self, query_layer, key_layer, value_layer, attention_mask, query_length):
        indices_k, cu_seqlens_k, max_seqlen_in_batch_k = _get_unpad_data(attention_mask)
        batch_size, kv_seq_len, num_key_value_heads, head_dim = key_layer.shape

        key_layer = index_first_axis(
            key_layer.reshape(batch_size * kv_seq_len, num_key_value_heads, head_dim), indices_k
        )
        value_layer = index_first_axis(
            value_layer.reshape(batch_size * kv_seq_len, num_key_value_heads, head_dim), indices_k
        )
        if query_length == kv_seq_len:
            query_layer = index_first_axis(
                query_layer.reshape(batch_size * kv_seq_len, self.num_heads, head_dim), indices_k
            )
            cu_seqlens_q = cu_seqlens_k
            max_seqlen_in_batch_q = max_seqlen_in_batch_k
            indices_q = indices_k
        elif query_length == 1:
            max_seqlen_in_batch_q = 1
            cu_seqlens_q = torch.arange(
                batch_size + 1, dtype=torch.int32, device=query_layer.device
            )  # There is a memcpy here, that is very bad.
            indices_q = cu_seqlens_q[:-1]
            query_layer = query_layer.squeeze(1)
        else:
            # The -q_len: slice assumes left padding.
            attention_mask = attention_mask[:, -query_length:]
            query_layer, indices_q, cu_seqlens_q, max_seqlen_in_batch_q = unpad_input(query_layer, attention_mask)

        return (
            query_layer,
            key_layer,
            value_layer,
            indices_q,
            (cu_seqlens_q, cu_seqlens_k),
            (max_seqlen_in_batch_q, max_seqlen_in_batch_k),
        )


class DbrxSdpaAttention(DbrxAttention):
    """
    Dbrx attention module using torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention. This module inherits from
    `DbrxAttention` as the weights of the module stays untouched. The only changes are on the forward pass to adapt to
    SDPA API.
    """

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        past_key_value: Optional[Cache] = None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
        use_cache: bool = False,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]]:
        if output_attentions:
            # TODO: Improve this warning with e.g. `model.config.attn_implementation = "manual"` once this is implemented.
            logger.warning_once(
                "DbrxModel is using DbrxSdpaAttention, but `torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention` does not support `output_attentions=True`. Falling back to the manual attention implementation, "
                'but specifying the manual implementation will be required from Transformers version v5.0.0 onwards. This warning can be removed using the argument `attn_implementation="eager"` when loading the model.'
            )
            return super().forward(
                hidden_states=hidden_states,
                attention_mask=attention_mask,
                position_ids=position_ids,
                past_key_value=past_key_value,
                output_attentions=output_attentions,
                use_cache=use_cache,
                cache_position=cache_position,
            )

        bsz, q_len, _ = hidden_states.size()

        qkv_states = self.Wqkv(hidden_states)
        if self.clip_qkv is not None:
            qkv_states = qkv_states.clamp(min=-self.clip_qkv, max=self.clip_qkv)

        query_states, key_states, value_states = qkv_states.split(
            [
                self.hidden_size,
                self.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim,
                self.num_key_value_heads * self.head_dim,
            ],
            dim=2,
        )

        query_states = query_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        key_states = key_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        value_states = value_states.view(bsz, q_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim).transpose(1, 2)

        cos, sin = self.rotary_emb(value_states, position_ids, seq_len=None)
        query_states, key_states = apply_rotary_pos_emb(query_states, key_states, cos, sin, None)

        past_key_value = getattr(self, "past_key_value", past_key_value)

        if past_key_value is not None:
            # sin and cos are specific to RoPE models; cache_position needed for the static cache
            cache_kwargs = {"sin": sin, "cos": cos, "cache_position": cache_position}
            key_states, value_states = past_key_value.update(key_states, value_states, self.block_idx, cache_kwargs)

        key_states = repeat_kv(key_states, self.num_key_value_groups)
        value_states = repeat_kv(value_states, self.num_key_value_groups)

        causal_mask = attention_mask
        if attention_mask is not None:
            causal_mask = causal_mask[:, :, :, : key_states.shape[-2]]

        # SDPA with memory-efficient backend is currently (torch==2.1.2) bugged with non-contiguous inputs with custom attn_mask,
        # Reference: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/112577.
        if query_states.device.type == "cuda" and causal_mask is not None:
            query_states = query_states.contiguous()
            key_states = key_states.contiguous()
            value_states = value_states.contiguous()

        attn_output = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
            query_states,
            key_states,
            value_states,
            attn_mask=causal_mask,
            dropout_p=self.attn_pdrop if self.training else 0.0,
        )

        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
        attn_output = attn_output.view(bsz, q_len, -1)

        attn_output = self.out_proj(attn_output)

        return attn_output, None, past_key_value


DBRX_ATTENTION_CLASSES = {
    "eager": DbrxAttention,
    "flash_attention_2": DbrxFlashAttention2,
    "sdpa": DbrxSdpaAttention,
}


class DbrxNormAttentionNorm(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: DbrxConfig, block_idx: Optional[int] = None):
        super().__init__()
        self.block_idx = block_idx
        self.resid_pdrop = config.resid_pdrop
        self.norm_1 = nn.LayerNorm(config.d_model, bias=False)
        self.attn = DBRX_ATTENTION_CLASSES[config._attn_implementation](
            config=config,
            block_idx=block_idx,
        )
        self.norm_2 = nn.LayerNorm(config.d_model, bias=False)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        position_ids: torch.LongTensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        past_key_value: Optional[Cache] = None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
        use_cache: bool = False,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Cache]]:
        residual_states = hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.norm_1(hidden_states).to(hidden_states.dtype)

        hidden_states, attn_weights, past_key_value = self.attn(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            past_key_value=past_key_value,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            cache_position=cache_position,
            **kwargs,
        )

        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.resid_pdrop, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = hidden_states + residual_states

        residual_states = hidden_states
        hidden_states = self.norm_2(hidden_states).to(hidden_states.dtype)

        return residual_states, hidden_states, attn_weights, past_key_value


class DbrxRouter(nn.Module):
    def __init__(
        self,
        hidden_size: int,
        moe_num_experts: int,
        moe_top_k: int,
        moe_jitter_eps: Optional[float],
        moe_normalize_expert_weights: Optional[float],
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.moe_num_experts = moe_num_experts
        self.moe_top_k = moe_top_k
        self.moe_jitter_eps = moe_jitter_eps
        self.moe_normalize_expert_weights = moe_normalize_expert_weights

        self.layer = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.moe_num_experts, bias=False)

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.LongTensor]:
        if self.training and self.moe_jitter_eps is not None:
            hidden_states *= torch.empty_like(hidden_states).uniform_(
                1.0 - self.moe_jitter_eps, 1.0 + self.moe_jitter_eps
            )
        hidden_states = hidden_states.view(-1, hidden_states.shape[-1])
        weights = self.layer(hidden_states).softmax(dim=-1, dtype=torch.float32)
        top_weights, top_experts = torch.topk(weights, self.moe_top_k, dim=-1)

        top_weights_scale = (
            torch.norm(top_weights, p=self.moe_normalize_expert_weights, dim=-1, keepdim=True)
            if self.moe_normalize_expert_weights is not None
            else 1.0
        )
        top_weights = top_weights / top_weights_scale

        weights = weights.to(hidden_states.dtype)
        top_weights = top_weights.to(hidden_states.dtype)
        return weights, top_weights, top_experts


class DbrxExpertGLU(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, hidden_size: int, ffn_hidden_size: int, moe_num_experts: int, ffn_act_fn: dict):
        super().__init__()
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.ffn_hidden_size = ffn_hidden_size
        self.moe_num_experts = moe_num_experts

        self.w1 = nn.Parameter(torch.empty(moe_num_experts * ffn_hidden_size, hidden_size))
        self.v1 = nn.Parameter(torch.empty(moe_num_experts * ffn_hidden_size, hidden_size))
        self.w2 = nn.Parameter(torch.empty(moe_num_experts * ffn_hidden_size, hidden_size))

        act_fn_name = ffn_act_fn.get("name", "silu")
        self.activation_fn = ACT2FN[act_fn_name]

    def forward(
        self, x: torch.Tensor, expert_w1: torch.Tensor, expert_v1: torch.Tensor, expert_w2: torch.Tensor
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        gate_proj = x.matmul(expert_w1.t())
        up_proj = x.matmul(expert_v1.t())
        gate_proj = self.activation_fn(gate_proj)
        intermediate_states = gate_proj * up_proj
        down_proj = intermediate_states.matmul(expert_w2)
        return down_proj


class DbrxExperts(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, hidden_size: int, ffn_hidden_size: int, moe_num_experts: int, ffn_act_fn: dict):
        super().__init__()
        self.moe_num_experts = moe_num_experts
        self.mlp = DbrxExpertGLU(
            hidden_size=hidden_size,
            ffn_hidden_size=ffn_hidden_size,
            moe_num_experts=moe_num_experts,
            ffn_act_fn=ffn_act_fn,
        )

    def forward(
        self, x: torch.Tensor, weights: torch.Tensor, top_weights: torch.Tensor, top_experts: torch.LongTensor
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        bsz, q_len, hidden_size = x.shape
        x = x.view(-1, hidden_size)
        out = torch.zeros_like(x)

        expert_mask = nn.functional.one_hot(top_experts, num_classes=self.moe_num_experts).permute(2, 1, 0)
        # Chunk experts at once to avoid storing full parameter multiple times in autograd
        w1_chunked = self.mlp.w1.view(self.mlp.moe_num_experts, self.mlp.ffn_hidden_size, self.mlp.hidden_size).chunk(
            self.moe_num_experts, dim=0
        )
        v1_chunked = self.mlp.v1.view(self.mlp.moe_num_experts, self.mlp.ffn_hidden_size, self.mlp.hidden_size).chunk(
            self.moe_num_experts, dim=0
        )
        w2_chunked = self.mlp.w2.view(self.mlp.moe_num_experts, self.mlp.ffn_hidden_size, self.mlp.hidden_size).chunk(
            self.moe_num_experts, dim=0
        )
        w1_chunked = [w1.squeeze(dim=0) for w1 in w1_chunked]
        v1_chunked = [v1.squeeze(dim=0) for v1 in v1_chunked]
        w2_chunked = [w2.squeeze(dim=0) for w2 in w2_chunked]
        for expert_idx in range(0, self.moe_num_experts):
            topk_idx, token_idx = torch.where(expert_mask[expert_idx])
            if token_idx.shape[0] == 0:
                continue

            token_list = token_idx
            topk_list = topk_idx

            expert_tokens = x[None, token_list].reshape(-1, hidden_size)
            expert_out = (
                self.mlp(expert_tokens, w1_chunked[expert_idx], v1_chunked[expert_idx], w2_chunked[expert_idx])
                * top_weights[token_list, topk_list, None]
            )

            out.index_add_(0, token_idx, expert_out)

        out = out.reshape(bsz, q_len, hidden_size)
        return out


class DbrxFFN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: DbrxConfig):
        super().__init__()

        ffn_config = config.ffn_config
        self.router = DbrxRouter(
            hidden_size=config.d_model,
            moe_num_experts=ffn_config.moe_num_experts,
            moe_top_k=ffn_config.moe_top_k,
            moe_jitter_eps=ffn_config.moe_jitter_eps,
            moe_normalize_expert_weights=ffn_config.moe_normalize_expert_weights,
        )

        self.experts = DbrxExperts(
            hidden_size=config.d_model,
            ffn_hidden_size=ffn_config.ffn_hidden_size,
            moe_num_experts=ffn_config.moe_num_experts,
            ffn_act_fn=ffn_config.ffn_act_fn,
        )

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        weights, top_weights, top_experts = self.router(x)
        out = self.experts(x, weights, top_weights, top_experts)
        return out, weights


class DbrxBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: DbrxConfig, block_idx: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.hidden_size = config.d_model
        self.resid_pdrop = config.resid_pdrop
        self.block_idx = block_idx
        self.norm_attn_norm = DbrxNormAttentionNorm(
            config=config,
            block_idx=block_idx,
        )
        self.ffn = DbrxFFN(config=config)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        position_ids: torch.LongTensor = None,
        past_key_value: Optional[Cache] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
        output_router_logits: Optional[bool] = False,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = False,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> Union[
        Tuple[torch.Tensor],
        Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor]],
        Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[Cache]],
        Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Cache]],
        Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[torch.Tensor]],
        Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[Cache], Optional[torch.Tensor]],
        Tuple[torch.Tensor, Optional[torch.Tensor], Optional[Cache], Optional[torch.Tensor]],
    ]:
        """Forward function for DbrxBlock.

        Args:
            hidden_states (`torch.Tensor`): input to the layer of shape `(batch, seq_len, embed_dim)`
            position_ids (`torch.LongTensor`): position ids of shape `(batch, seq_len)`
            attention_mask (`torch.Tensor`, optional): attention mask of size (batch_size, sequence_length)
                if flash attention is used or (batch_size, 1, query_sequence_length, key_sequence_length)
                if default attention is used.
            past_key_value (`Tuple(torch.Tensor)`, optional): cached past key and value projection states
            output_attentions (`bool`, optional): Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all
                attention layers. See `attentions` under returned tensors for more detail.
            output_router_logits (`bool`, optional): Whether or not to return the router logits.
            use_cache (`bool`, optional): If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are
                returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see `past_key_values`).
            cache_position (`torch.LongTensor`, optional): position ids of the cache
        """

        # Norm + Attention + Norm
        resid_states, hidden_states, self_attn_weights, present_key_value = self.norm_attn_norm(
            hidden_states=hidden_states,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            past_key_value=past_key_value,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            cache_position=cache_position,
            **kwargs,
        )

        # Fully Connected
        hidden_states, router_logits = self.ffn(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = nn.functional.dropout(hidden_states, p=self.resid_pdrop, training=self.training)
        hidden_states = resid_states + hidden_states

        outputs = (hidden_states,)

        if output_attentions:
            outputs += (self_attn_weights,)

        if use_cache:
            outputs += (present_key_value,)

        if output_router_logits:
            outputs += (router_logits,)

        return outputs


DBRX_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
    This model inherits from [`PreTrainedModel`]. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
    library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
    etc.)

    This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
    Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
    and behavior.

    Parameters:
        config ([`DbrxConfig`]):
            Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not
            load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the
            [`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`] method to load the model weights.
"""


@add_start_docstrings(
    "The bare DBRX Model outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
    DBRX_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class DbrxPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
    config_class = DbrxConfig
    base_model_prefix = "transformer"
    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
    _no_split_modules = ["DbrxBlock"]
    _skip_keys_device_placement = ["past_key_values"]
    _supports_flash_attn_2 = True
    _supports_sdpa = True
    _supports_cache_class = True

    def _init_weights(self, module: nn.Module):
        std = self.config.initializer_range
        if isinstance(module, nn.Linear):
            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
            if module.bias is not None:
                module.bias.data.zero_()
        elif isinstance(module, nn.Embedding):
            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
            if module.padding_idx is not None:
                module.weight.data[module.padding_idx].zero_()
        elif isinstance(module, nn.LayerNorm):
            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
            if module.bias is not None:
                module.bias.data.zero_()
        elif isinstance(module, DbrxExpertGLU):
            module.w1.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
            module.v1.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)
            module.w2.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=std)

    def _setup_cache(self, cache_cls: Any, max_batch_size: int, max_cache_len: int):
        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2" and cache_cls == StaticCache:
            raise ValueError(
                "`static` cache implementation is not compatible with "
                + "`attn_implementation==flash_attention_2`. Make sure to use "
                + "`spda` in the mean time and open an issue at https://github.com/huggingface/transformers."
            )

        for block in self.transformer.blocks:
            device = block.norm_attn_norm.norm_1.weight.device
            if hasattr(self.config, "_pre_quantization_dtype"):
                dtype = self.config._pre_quantization_dtype
            else:
                dtype = block.norm_attn_norm.attn.out_proj.weight.dtype
            block.norm_attn_norm.attn.past_key_value = cache_cls(
                self.config, max_batch_size, max_cache_len, device=device, dtype=dtype
            )

    def _reset_cache(self):
        for block in self.transformer.blocks:
            block.norm_attn_norm.attn.past_key_value = None


DBRX_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
            Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide
            it.

            Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.

            [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)
        attention_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

            - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
            - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

            [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)

            Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.

            If `past_key_values` is used, optionally only the last `decoder_input_ids` have to be input (see
            `past_key_values`).

            If you want to change padding behavior, you should read [`modeling_opt._prepare_decoder_attention_mask`]
            and modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in [the paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13461) for more
            information on the default strategy.

            - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
            - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.
        position_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range `[0,
            config.n_positions - 1]`.

            [What are position IDs?](../glossary#position-ids)
        past_key_values (`Cache` or `tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))`, *optional*):
            Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention
            blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the `past_key_values`
            returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when `use_cache=True` or `config.use_cache=True`.

            Two formats are allowed:
            - a [`~cache_utils.Cache`] instance;
            - Tuple of `tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` of length `config.n_layers`, with each tuple having 2 tensors of
            shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)`). This is also known as the legacy
            cache format.

            The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no `past_key_values` are passed, the
            legacy cache format will be returned.

            If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `input_ids` (those that don't
            have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all `input_ids`
            of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
        inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This
            is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the
            model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
        use_cache (`bool`, *optional*):
            If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see
            `past_key_values`).
        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
            tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
            more detail.
        output_router_logits (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the logits of all the routers. They are useful for computing the router loss, and
            should not be returned during inference.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
        cache_position (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily to `position_ids`,
            this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer
            the complete sequence length.
"""


@add_start_docstrings(
    "The bare DBRX Model outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
    DBRX_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class DbrxModel(DbrxPreTrainedModel):
    """Transformer decoder consisting of *config.num_hidden_layers*. Each layer is a [`DbrxBlock`] layer.

    Args:
        config ([`DbrxConfig`]): Model configuration class with all parameters of the model.
            Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the
            configuration. Check out the [`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`] method to load the model weights.
    """

    def __init__(self, config: DbrxConfig):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.padding_idx = config.pad_token_id
        self.vocab_size = config.vocab_size
        self.emb_pdrop = config.emb_pdrop

        self.wte = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.d_model, self.padding_idx)
        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([DbrxBlock(config, block_idx) for block_idx in range(config.n_layers)])
        self.norm_f = nn.LayerNorm(config.d_model, bias=False)
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_input_embeddings(self) -> nn.Embedding:
        return self.wte

    def set_input_embeddings(self, value: nn.Embedding):
        self.wte = value

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(DBRX_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        past_key_values: Optional[Cache] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_router_logits: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, MoeModelOutputWithPast]:
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        output_router_logits = (
            output_router_logits if output_router_logits is not None else self.config.output_router_logits
        )
        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        if (input_ids is None) ^ (inputs_embeds is not None):
            raise ValueError(
                "You cannot specify both input_ids and inputs_embeds at the same time, and must specify either one"
            )

        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training and use_cache:
            logger.warning_once(
                "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`."
            )
            use_cache = False

        if inputs_embeds is None:
            inputs_embeds = self.wte(input_ids)

        inputs_embeds = nn.functional.dropout(inputs_embeds, p=self.emb_pdrop, training=self.training)

        past_seen_tokens = 0
        if use_cache:  # kept for BC (cache positions)
            if not isinstance(past_key_values, StaticCache):
                past_key_values = DynamicCache.from_legacy_cache(past_key_values)
                past_seen_tokens = past_key_values.get_seq_length()

        if cache_position is None:
            if isinstance(past_key_values, StaticCache):
                raise ValueError("cache_position is a required argument when using StaticCache.")
            cache_position = torch.arange(
                past_seen_tokens, past_seen_tokens + inputs_embeds.shape[1], device=inputs_embeds.device
            )

        if position_ids is None:
            position_ids = cache_position.unsqueeze(0)
        causal_mask = self._update_causal_mask(attention_mask, inputs_embeds, cache_position)

        # embed positions
        hidden_states = inputs_embeds

        # decoder layers
        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
        all_self_attns = () if output_attentions else None
        all_router_logits = () if output_router_logits else None
        next_decoder_cache = None

        for block in self.blocks:
            if output_hidden_states:
                all_hidden_states += (hidden_states,)

            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                block_outputs = self._gradient_checkpointing_func(
                    block.__call__,
                    hidden_states,
                    causal_mask,
                    position_ids,
                    past_key_values,
                    output_attentions,
                    output_router_logits,
                    use_cache,
                    cache_position,
                )
            else:
                block_outputs = block(
                    hidden_states,
                    attention_mask=causal_mask,
                    position_ids=position_ids,
                    past_key_value=past_key_values,
                    output_attentions=output_attentions,
                    output_router_logits=output_router_logits,
                    use_cache=use_cache,
                    cache_position=cache_position,
                )

            hidden_states = block_outputs[0]

            if use_cache:
                next_decoder_cache = block_outputs[2 if output_attentions else 1]

            if output_attentions:
                all_self_attns += (block_outputs[1],)

            if output_router_logits:
                all_router_logits += (block_outputs[-1],)

        hidden_states = self.norm_f(hidden_states)

        # add hidden states from the last decoder layer
        if output_hidden_states:
            all_hidden_states += (hidden_states,)

        next_cache = None
        if use_cache:
            next_cache = (
                next_decoder_cache.to_legacy_cache() if isinstance(next_decoder_cache, Cache) else next_decoder_cache
            )
        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(
                v
                for v in [hidden_states, next_cache, all_hidden_states, all_self_attns, all_router_logits]
                if v is not None
            )
        return MoeModelOutputWithPast(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
            past_key_values=next_cache,
            hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
            attentions=all_self_attns,
            router_logits=all_router_logits,
        )

    # TODO: As of torch==2.2.0, the `attention_mask` passed to the model in `generate` is 2D and of dynamic length even when the static
    # KV cache is used. This is an issue for torch.compile which then recaptures cudagraphs at each decode steps due to the dynamic shapes.
    # (`recording cudagraph tree for symint key 13`, etc.), which is VERY slow. A workaround is `@torch.compiler.disable`, but this prevents using
    # `fullgraph=True`. See more context in https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/29114
    def _update_causal_mask(
        self, attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor], input_tensor: torch.Tensor, cache_position: torch.Tensor
    ) -> Optional[torch.Tensor]:
        if self.config._attn_implementation == "flash_attention_2":
            if attention_mask is not None and 0.0 in attention_mask:
                return attention_mask
            return None

        dtype, device = input_tensor.dtype, input_tensor.device
        min_dtype = torch.finfo(dtype).min
        sequence_length = input_tensor.shape[1]
        if hasattr(self.blocks[0].norm_attn_norm.attn, "past_key_value"):  # static cache
            target_length = self.config.max_position_embeddings
        else:  # dynamic cache
            target_length = (
                attention_mask.shape[-1] if isinstance(attention_mask, torch.Tensor) else cache_position[-1] + 1
            )
        target_length = int(target_length)

        causal_mask = torch.full((sequence_length, target_length), fill_value=min_dtype, dtype=dtype, device=device)
        if sequence_length != 1:
            causal_mask = torch.triu(causal_mask, diagonal=1)
        causal_mask *= torch.arange(target_length, device=device) > cache_position.reshape(-1, 1)
        causal_mask = causal_mask[None, None, :, :].expand(input_tensor.shape[0], 1, -1, -1)
        if attention_mask is not None:
            causal_mask = causal_mask.clone()  # copy to contiguous memory for in-place edit
            if attention_mask.dim() == 2:
                mask_length = attention_mask.shape[-1]
                padding_mask = causal_mask[..., :mask_length].eq(0.0) * attention_mask[:, None, None, :].eq(0.0)
                causal_mask[..., :mask_length] = causal_mask[..., :mask_length].masked_fill(padding_mask, min_dtype)
            elif attention_mask.dim() == 4:
                # backwards compatibility: we allow passing a 4D attention mask shorter than the input length with
                # cache. In that case, the 4D attention mask attends to the newest tokens only.
                if attention_mask.shape[-2] < cache_position[0] + sequence_length:
                    offset = cache_position[0]
                else:
                    offset = 0
                mask_shape = attention_mask.shape
                mask_slice = (attention_mask.eq(0.0)).to(dtype=dtype) * min_dtype
                causal_mask[
                    : mask_shape[0], : mask_shape[1], offset : mask_shape[2] + offset, : mask_shape[3]
                ] = mask_slice

        if (
            self.config._attn_implementation == "sdpa"
            and attention_mask is not None
            and attention_mask.device.type == "cuda"
        ):
            # TODO: For dynamo, rather use a check on fullgraph=True once this is possible (https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/120400).
            is_tracing = (
                torch.jit.is_tracing()
                or isinstance(input_tensor, torch.fx.Proxy)
                or (hasattr(torch, "_dynamo") and torch._dynamo.is_compiling())
            )
            if not is_tracing and torch.any(attention_mask != 1):
                # Attend to all tokens in fully masked rows in the causal_mask, for example the relevant first rows when
                # using left padding. This is required by F.scaled_dot_product_attention memory-efficient attention path.
                # Details: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/110213
                causal_mask = AttentionMaskConverter._unmask_unattended(causal_mask, min_dtype)

        return causal_mask


@add_start_docstrings("The DBRX Model transformer for causal language modeling.", DBRX_START_DOCSTRING)
class DbrxForCausalLM(DbrxPreTrainedModel):
    def __init__(self, config: DbrxConfig):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.transformer = DbrxModel(config)
        self.vocab_size = config.vocab_size
        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.vocab_size, bias=False)
        self.moe_loss_weight = config.ffn_config.moe_loss_weight
        self.num_experts = config.ffn_config.moe_num_experts
        self.num_experts_per_tok = config.ffn_config.moe_top_k

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_input_embeddings(self) -> nn.Embedding:
        return self.transformer.get_input_embeddings()

    def set_input_embeddings(self, value: nn.Embedding):
        self.transformer.set_input_embeddings(value)

    def get_output_embeddings(self) -> nn.Linear:
        return self.lm_head

    def set_output_embeddings(self, new_embeddings: nn.Linear):
        self.lm_head = new_embeddings

    def set_decoder(self, decoder: DbrxModel):
        self.transformer = decoder

    def get_decoder(self) -> DbrxModel:
        return self.transformer

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(DBRX_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=MoeCausalLMOutputWithPast, config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC)
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        past_key_values: Optional[Cache] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_router_logits: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
        cache_position: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, MoeCausalLMOutputWithPast]:
        r"""Forward function for causal language modeling.

        Args:
            labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should either be in `[0, ...,
                config.vocab_size]` or -100 (see `input_ids` docstring). Tokens with indices set to `-100` are ignored
                (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`.

        Returns:

        Example:

        ```python
        >> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, DbrxForCausalLM

        >> model = DbrxForCausalLM.from_pretrained("databricks/dbrx-instruct")
        >> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("databricks/dbrx-instruct")

        >> prompt = "Hey, are you conscious? Can you talk to me?"
        >> inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt")

        >> # Generate
        >> generate_ids = model.generate(inputs.input_ids, max_length=30)
        >> tokenizer.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
        "Hey, are you conscious? Can you talk to me?\nI'm not conscious, but I can talk to you."
        ```
        """
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        output_router_logits = (
            output_router_logits if output_router_logits is not None else self.config.output_router_logits
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        # decoder outputs consists of (dec_features, layer_state, dec_hidden, dec_attn)
        outputs = self.transformer(
            input_ids=input_ids,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            position_ids=position_ids,
            past_key_values=past_key_values,
            inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            output_router_logits=output_router_logits,
            return_dict=return_dict,
            cache_position=cache_position,
        )

        hidden_states = outputs[0]
        logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states)

        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            # Shift so that tokens < n predict n
            shift_logits = logits[..., :-1, :].contiguous()
            shift_labels = labels[..., 1:].contiguous()
            # Flatten the tokens
            loss_fct = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
            shift_logits = shift_logits.view(-1, self.config.vocab_size)
            shift_labels = shift_labels.view(-1)
            # Enable model parallelism
            shift_labels = shift_labels.to(shift_logits.device)
            loss = loss_fct(shift_logits, shift_labels)

        aux_loss = None
        if output_router_logits:
            aux_loss = load_balancing_loss_func(
                outputs.router_logits if return_dict else outputs[-1],
                self.num_experts,
                self.num_experts_per_tok,
                attention_mask,
            )
            if labels is not None and loss is not None:
                loss += self.moe_loss_weight * aux_loss.to(loss.device)  # make sure to reside in the same device

        if not return_dict:
            output = (logits,) + outputs[1:]
            if output_router_logits:
                output = (aux_loss,) + output
            return (loss,) + output if loss is not None else output

        return MoeCausalLMOutputWithPast(
            loss=loss,
            aux_loss=aux_loss,
            logits=logits,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
            router_logits=outputs.router_logits,
        )

    def prepare_inputs_for_generation(
        self,
        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
        past_key_values: Optional[Cache] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        past_length = 0
        if past_key_values is not None:
            if isinstance(past_key_values, Cache):
                cache_length = past_key_values.get_seq_length()
                past_length = past_key_values.seen_tokens
                max_cache_length = past_key_values.get_max_length()
            else:
                cache_length = past_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2]
                max_cache_length = None

            # Keep only the unprocessed tokens:
            # 1 - If the length of the attention_mask exceeds the length of input_ids, then we are in a setting where
            # some of the inputs are exclusively passed as part of the cache (e.g. when passing input_embeds as
            # input)
            if attention_mask is not None and attention_mask.shape[1] > input_ids.shape[1]:
                input_ids = input_ids[:, -(attention_mask.shape[1] - past_length) :]
            # 2 - If the past_length is smaller than input_ids', then input_ids holds all input tokens. We can discard
            # input_ids based on the past_length.
            elif past_length < input_ids.shape[1]:
                input_ids = input_ids[:, past_length:]
            # 3 - Otherwise (past_length >= input_ids.shape[1]), let's assume input_ids only has unprocessed tokens.

            # If we are about to go beyond the maximum cache length, we need to crop the input attention mask.
            if (
                max_cache_length is not None
                and attention_mask is not None
                and cache_length + input_ids.shape[1] > max_cache_length
            ):
                attention_mask = attention_mask[:, -max_cache_length:]

        position_ids = kwargs.get("position_ids", None)
        if attention_mask is not None and position_ids is None:
            # create position_ids on the fly for batch generation
            position_ids = attention_mask.long().cumsum(-1) - 1
            position_ids.masked_fill_(attention_mask == 0, 1)
            if past_key_values:
                position_ids = position_ids[:, -input_ids.shape[1] :]

        if self.generation_config.cache_implementation == "static":
            # generation with static cache
            cache_position = kwargs.get("cache_position", None)
            if cache_position is None:
                past_length = 0
            else:
                past_length = cache_position[-1] + 1
            input_ids = input_ids[:, past_length:]
            position_ids = position_ids[:, past_length:] if position_ids is not None else None

        # TODO @gante we should only keep a `cache_position` in generate, and do +=1.
        # same goes for position ids. Could also help with continued generation.
        input_length = position_ids.shape[-1] if position_ids is not None else input_ids.shape[-1]
        cache_position = torch.arange(past_length, past_length + input_length, device=input_ids.device)
        position_ids = position_ids.contiguous() if position_ids is not None else None

        # if `inputs_embeds` are passed, we only want to use them in the 1st generation step
        if inputs_embeds is not None and past_key_values is None:
            model_inputs = {"inputs_embeds": inputs_embeds}
        else:
            # The `contiguous()` here is necessary to have a static stride during decoding. torchdynamo otherwise
            # recompiles graphs as the stride of the inputs is a guard. Ref: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/29114
            # TODO: use `next_tokens` directly instead.
            model_inputs = {"input_ids": input_ids.contiguous()}

        model_inputs.update(
            {
                "position_ids": position_ids,
                "cache_position": cache_position,
                "past_key_values": past_key_values,
                "use_cache": kwargs.get("use_cache"),
                "attention_mask": attention_mask,
            }
        )
        return model_inputs

    @staticmethod
    def _reorder_cache(past_key_values: Cache, beam_idx: torch.LongTensor):
        reordered_past = ()
        for layer_past in past_key_values:
            reordered_past += (
                tuple(past_state.index_select(0, beam_idx.to(past_state.device)) for past_state in layer_past),
            )
        return reordered_past