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<section id="pygame-pixelarray">
<dl class="py class definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">pygame.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PixelArray</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">pygame object for direct pixel access of surfaces</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">PixelArray(Surface) -&gt; PixelArray</span></div>
</div>
<table class="toc docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 31%" />
<col style="width: 1%" />
<col style="width: 68%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.surface">pygame.PixelArray.surface</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Gets the Surface the PixelArray uses.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.itemsize">pygame.PixelArray.itemsize</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Returns the byte size of a pixel array item</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.ndim">pygame.PixelArray.ndim</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Returns the number of dimensions.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.shape">pygame.PixelArray.shape</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Returns the array size.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.strides">pygame.PixelArray.strides</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Returns byte offsets for each array dimension.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.make_surface">pygame.PixelArray.make_surface</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Creates a new Surface from the current PixelArray.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.replace">pygame.PixelArray.replace</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Replaces the passed color in the PixelArray with another one.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.extract">pygame.PixelArray.extract</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Extracts the passed color from the PixelArray.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.compare">pygame.PixelArray.compare</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Compares the PixelArray with another one.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.transpose">pygame.PixelArray.transpose</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Exchanges the x and y axis.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line"><a class="toc reference external" href="pixelarray.html#pygame.PixelArray.close">pygame.PixelArray.close</a></div>
</td>
<td>—</td>
<td>Closes the PixelArray, and releases Surface lock.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The PixelArray wraps a Surface and provides direct access to the
surface's pixels. A pixel array can be one or two dimensional.
A two dimensional array, like its surface, is indexed [column, row].
Pixel arrays support slicing, both for returning a subarray or
for assignment. A pixel array sliced on a single column or row
returns a one dimensional pixel array. Arithmetic and other operations
are not supported. A pixel array can be safely assigned to itself.
Finally, pixel arrays export an array struct interface, allowing
them to interact with <a class="tooltip reference internal" href="pixelcopy.html#module-pygame.pixelcopy" title=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pygame.pixelcopy</span></code><span class="tooltip-content">pygame module for general pixel array copying</span></a> methods and NumPy
arrays.</p>
<p>A PixelArray pixel item can be assigned a raw integer values, a
<a class="tooltip reference internal" href="color.html#pygame.Color" title=""><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pygame.Color</span></code><span class="tooltip-content">pygame object for color representations</span></a> instance, or a (r, g, b[, a]) tuple.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mh">0xFF00FF</span>
<span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>However, only a pixel's integer value is returned. So, to compare a pixel
to a particular color the color needs to be first mapped using
the <a class="reference internal" href="surface.html#pygame.Surface.map_rgb" title="pygame.Surface.map_rgb"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Surface.map_rgb()</span></code></a> method of the Surface object for which the
PixelArray was created.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pxarray</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pygame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PixelArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">surface</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Check, if the first pixel at the topleft corner is blue</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">surface</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">map_rgb</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">)):</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>When assigning to a range of of pixels, a non tuple sequence of colors or
a PixelArray can be used as the value. For a sequence, the length must
match the PixelArray width.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mh">0xFF00FF</span> <span class="c1"># set all pixels to 0xFF00FF</span>
<span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mh">0xFF00FF</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0xAACCEE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># first pixel = 0xFF00FF,</span>
<span class="c1"># second pixel = 0xAACCEE, ...</span>
<span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">170</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">204</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">238</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1"># same as above</span>
<span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mh">0xAACCEE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1"># same as above</span>
<span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">otherarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1"># slice sizes must match</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For PixelArray assignment, if the right hand side array has a row length
of 1, then the column is broadcast over the target array's rows. An
array of height 1 is broadcast over the target's columns, and is equivalent
to assigning a 1D PixelArray.</p>
<p>Subscript slices can also be used to assign to a rectangular subview of
the target PixelArray.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Create some new PixelArray objects providing a different view</span>
<span class="c1"># of the original array/surface.</span>
<span class="n">newarray</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">otherarray</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[::</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">::</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Subscript slices can also be used to do fast rectangular pixel manipulations
instead of iterating over the x or y axis. The</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[::</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Make even columns black.</span>
<span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[::</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Same as [::2, :]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>During its lifetime, the PixelArray locks the surface, thus you explicitly
have to close() it once its not used any more and the surface should perform
operations in the same scope. It is best to use it as a context manager
using the with PixelArray(surf) as pixel_array: style. So it works on pypy too.</p>
<p>A simple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:</span></code> slice index for the column can be omitted.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[::</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Same as pxarray[::2, :]</span>
<span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Same as pxarray[:]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A note about PixelArray to PixelArray assignment, for arrays with an
item size of 3 (created from 24 bit surfaces) pixel values are translated
from the source to the destinations format. The red, green, and blue
color elements of each pixel are shifted to match the format of the
target surface. For all other pixel sizes no such remapping occurs.
This should change in later pygame releases, where format conversions
are performed for all pixel sizes. To avoid code breakage when full mapped
copying is implemented it is suggested PixelArray to PixelArray copies be
only between surfaces of identical format.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.9.4: </span></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>close() method was added. For explicitly cleaning up.</p></li>
<li><p>being able to use PixelArray as a context manager for cleanup.</p></li>
<li><p>both of these are useful for when working without reference counting (pypy).</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.9.2: </span></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>array struct interface</p></li>
<li><p>transpose method</p></li>
<li><p>broadcasting for a length 1 dimension</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in pygame 1.9.2: </span></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>A 2D PixelArray can have a length 1 dimension.
Only an integer index on a 2D PixelArray returns a 1D array.</p></li>
<li><p>For assignment, a tuple can only be a color. Any other sequence type
is a sequence of colors.</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<dl class="py attribute definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.surface">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">surface</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.surface" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Gets the Surface the PixelArray uses.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">surface -&gt; Surface</span></div>
</div>
<p>The Surface the PixelArray was created for.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.itemsize">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">itemsize</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.itemsize" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Returns the byte size of a pixel array item</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">itemsize -&gt; int</span></div>
</div>
<p>This is the same as <a class="reference internal" href="surface.html#pygame.Surface.get_bytesize" title="pygame.Surface.get_bytesize"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Surface.get_bytesize()</span></code></a> for the
pixel array's surface.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.9.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.ndim">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ndim</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.ndim" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Returns the number of dimensions.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">ndim -&gt; int</span></div>
</div>
<p>A pixel array can be 1 or 2 dimensional.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.9.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.shape">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">shape</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.shape" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Returns the array size.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">shape -&gt; tuple of int's</span></div>
</div>
<p>A tuple or length <a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.PixelArray.ndim" title="pygame.PixelArray.ndim"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndim</span></code></a> giving the length of each
dimension. Analogous to <a class="reference internal" href="surface.html#pygame.Surface.get_size" title="pygame.Surface.get_size"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Surface.get_size()</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.9.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py attribute definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.strides">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">strides</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.strides" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Returns byte offsets for each array dimension.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">strides -&gt; tuple of int's</span></div>
</div>
<p>A tuple or length <a class="reference internal" href="#pygame.PixelArray.ndim" title="pygame.PixelArray.ndim"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ndim</span></code></a> byte counts. When a stride is
multiplied by the corresponding index it gives the offset
of that index from the start of the array. A stride is negative
for an array that has is inverted (has a negative step).</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.9.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.make_surface">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">make_surface</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.make_surface" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Creates a new Surface from the current PixelArray.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">make_surface() -&gt; Surface</span></div>
</div>
<p>Creates a new Surface from the current PixelArray. Depending on the
current PixelArray the size, pixel order etc. will be different from the
original Surface.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Create a new surface flipped around the vertical axis.</span>
<span class="n">sf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pxarray</span><span class="p">[:,::</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make_surface</span> <span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.8.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.replace">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">replace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.replace" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Replaces the passed color in the PixelArray with another one.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">replace(color, repcolor, distance=0, weights=(0.299, 0.587, 0.114)) -&gt; None</span></div>
</div>
<p>Replaces the pixels with the passed color in the PixelArray by changing
them them to the passed replacement color.</p>
<p>It uses a simple weighted Euclidean distance formula to calculate the
distance between the colors. The distance space ranges from 0.0 to 1.0
and is used as threshold for the color detection. This causes the
replacement to take pixels with a similar, but not exactly identical
color, into account as well.</p>
<p>This is an in place operation that directly affects the pixels of the
PixelArray.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.8.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.extract">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">extract</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.extract" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Extracts the passed color from the PixelArray.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">extract(color, distance=0, weights=(0.299, 0.587, 0.114)) -&gt; PixelArray</span></div>
</div>
<p>Extracts the passed color by changing all matching pixels to white, while
non-matching pixels are changed to black. This returns a new PixelArray
with the black/white color mask.</p>
<p>It uses a simple weighted Euclidean distance formula to calculate the
distance between the colors. The distance space ranges from 0.0 to 1.0
and is used as threshold for the color detection. This causes the
extraction to take pixels with a similar, but not exactly identical
color, into account as well.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.8.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.compare">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compare</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.compare" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Compares the PixelArray with another one.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">compare(array, distance=0, weights=(0.299, 0.587, 0.114)) -&gt; PixelArray</span></div>
</div>
<p>Compares the contents of the PixelArray with those from the passed in
PixelArray. It returns a new PixelArray with a black/white color mask
that indicates the differences (black) of both arrays. Both PixelArray
objects must have identical bit depths and dimensions.</p>
<p>It uses a simple weighted Euclidean distance formula to calculate the
distance between the colors. The distance space ranges from 0.0 to 1.0
and is used as a threshold for the color detection. This causes the
comparison to mark pixels with a similar, but not exactly identical
color, as white.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.8.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.transpose">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">transpose</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.transpose" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Exchanges the x and y axis.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">transpose() -&gt; PixelArray</span></div>
</div>
<p>This method returns a new view of the pixel array with the rows and
columns swapped. So for a (w, h) sized array a (h, w) slice is returned.
If an array is one dimensional, then a length 1 x dimension is added,
resulting in a 2D pixel array.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.9.2.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py method definition">
<dt class="sig sig-object py title" id="pygame.PixelArray.close">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#pygame.PixelArray.close" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><span class="summaryline">Closes the PixelArray, and releases Surface lock.</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="signature">close() -&gt; PixelArray</span></div>
</div>
<p>This method is for explicitly closing the PixelArray, and releasing
a lock on the Surface.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in pygame 1.9.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</section>
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